Methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) is a type of light-responsive hydrogel precursor material prepared by methacrylation modification of the natural macromolecule gelatin. It belongs to a platform of biomedical nanofunctional materials with excellent cell compatibility. Its core involves reacting the primary amine (-NH₂) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups in gelatin (a natural polypeptide polymer partially hydrolyzed from collagen, rich in RGD cell adhesion sequences) with methacrylic anhydride., by introducing a controllable proportion of methacryloyl (-CH₂=C(CH₃)CO-) reactive groups onto the gelatin molecular chain (with a degree of substitution typically ranging from 5% to 80%, adjustable), thereby endowing the gelatin with the ability for in situ crosslinking triggered by ultraviolet (UV, commonly 365 nm) or visible light (together with photoinitiators such as Irgacure 2959).

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