Effective wound healing and functional bone regeneration after tooth extraction remain clinical challenges, highlighting the significant need for multifunctional strategies to address the complex, multi-stage, and translational requirements of alveolar management. In this study, an injectable, active biotherapeutic hydrogel was developed by integrating the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CP NPs) into a photopolymerizable polyethylene glycol (PEG) matrix. Upon in situ injection and activation with dental blue light, the hydrogel rapidly formed a conforming, protective, and bioactive scaffold that adhered to the extraction socket. Therapeutically, LGG probiotics remodel the wound microenvironment through antibacterial and immunomodulatory bioactivity, promoting early healing. Additionally, LGG facilitates the release of calcium and phosphate ions from CP NPs, synergizing with microbe-assisted biomineralization to promote osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. In vitro and in vivo validation confirmed that this probiotic-mineral biotherapeutic hydrogel simultaneously integrates infection control, immune regulation, and bone induction within a single clinically deployable platform, representing not only a transformative strategy for post-extraction alveolar management but also a paradigm for the development of living biomaterials in dynamic tissue engineering applications.