In diabetic wounds, ROS can both kill bacteria and worsen inflammation and tissue damage, so the key is to precisely regulate it according to the healing stage, which traditional dressings can’t do. The study used electrospinning to prepare microenvironment-responsive nanofiber GC/G NF. After absorbing wound exudate, it transforms from fibers into a 3D hydrogel that adheres closely to the skin, and dynamically regulates ROS through enzyme cascade switching: at the infection stage, it activates the GOx/POD cascade to produce ROS, combined with near-infrared laser heat effect, to remove biofilms, kill bacteria, and lower local glucose; during the proliferation stage, it switches to the SOD/CAT cascade to clear excess ROS, relieve oxidative stress, supply oxygen, reduce inflammation, and promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation.  

This work moves ROS regulation from a single function to a time-programmable, adaptive platform that responds to the wound microenvironment. It integrates infection control with subsequent repair, offering a new way to intervene in diabetic wounds with complex microenvironments. Follow-up work could continue to verify the precision of enzyme cascade switching, near-infrared parameters, and different wound models, and explore clinical translation. This approach might also be used for other chronic infections or inflammatory wounds or combined with smart dressings and wearable monitoring for more personalized treatment strategies.  

Reference:  

DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2026.179760  

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