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Currently, the utilization of osmotic energy often involves multiple complex processes, including collection, storage, and conversion, which limits its applicability in portable electronic devices. Inspired by the human skin biosensing system, a novel iontronic pressure sensor directly driven by osmotic energy has been developed. By leveraging the tunable nanofluidic effects of two-dimensional materials, ion-selective migration driven by osmotic energy is controlled through mechanical modulation of the interlayer spacing, thereby converting external pressure into a readable electrical signal. In addition, optimizing the geometric configuration further enhances the performance of the pressure sensor, achieving ultra-high output voltage (up to 13.10 V), fast response/recovery times (115.0/128.0 ms), and a wide pressure detection range (up to 360 kPa). By combining deep learning algorithms with the sensor’s excellent performance, high-resolution human–machine intelligent interaction has been successfully demonstrated with a recognition accuracy of 95.78%. This work establishes a new paradigm for the direct application of osmotic energy in real-world scenarios.

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Osmotic Energy Directly Driving Flexible All-Solid-State 2D Nanofluidic Pressure Sensors

Advanced Materials ( IF 26.8 )

Pub Date : 2025-09-04

DOI: 10.1002/adma.202506990