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For the orthopedic problem of non-union or delayed union of fractures, this study developed a multifunctional molybdenum-based polyoxometalate cluster (Mo-POM) modified with valinomycin (GA), and encapsulated it in a gelatin/calcium phosphate nanocrystal (GG/nHA) hydrogel scaffold to construct the Mo-POM@GG/nHA system. The GA modification optimizes the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of Mo-POM through electron transfer, enhancing its multi-enzyme mimetic activity and broad-spectrum antibacterial function. It can eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to reshape the immune microenvironment, and simultaneously synergistically damage bacterial membranes and biofilms. This system achieves effective coordination of early immune regulation, antibacterial activity, and biomineralization during bone regeneration, with a single Mo-POM cluster as the core regulator to achieve multi-effect synergy. It provides a new direction for the design of integrated biomaterials in orthopedics. Research Background
Bone healing is a complex physiological process involving inflammatory immune regulation, angiogenesis, bone differentiation, and biomineralization. There is a close internal connection between immune homeostasis, bacterial clearance and the bone-derived microenvironment, which poses requirements for the comprehensive strategies in fracture treatment. Fracture non-healing or delayed healing is an important challenge in orthopedic practice. Although polyoxometalates have diverse biochemical properties, their application in bone regeneration has not been fully explored, and it is urgent to develop a multifunctional synergistic treatment system based on this type of material. Main Content
This study focuses on the multi-stage requirements of bone regeneration, with the core centered on the functional design of the Mo-POM cluster and the encapsulation in hydrogels.
DOI：10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.056
