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Abstract:
In response to the limitations of traditional in vitro joint models in osteoarthritis research, a systematic study was conducted around the joint chip technology to analyze the characteristics of key joint tissues and the requirements for microenvironment construction, identify existing technical bottlenecks and propose solutions and prototype design ideas, clarify the research direction of joint chip development, aiming to create a high-performance in vitro joint model to support the exploration of joint disease mechanisms and related research work.
01 Research Background
Osteoarthritis is one of the main causes of disability worldwide. No relevant research has yet reversed its course. The traditional in vitro joint physiological and pathological models have obvious deficiencies, severely restricting the research on disease mechanisms and the advancement of related research. The joint chip, as a new type of in vitro joint model, can simulate joint physiological and pathological activities and has become the core direction of this field of research.
02 Main Content
An overview of the structures and functions of key joint constructing tissues such as cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium is provided, with a focus on explaining the cartilage bearing mechanism and determining the stress microenvironment characteristics that the joint chip needs to replicate; the types of existing joint chips are reviewed, and the seamless integration of multi-tissue co-culture and specific mechanical stimulation is identified as the core challenge; potential solutions to this problem are proposed, and the conceptual design of the joint chip prototype is completed; challenges and issues faced by the development of joint chips are discussed.
03 Research Design
With the core goal of replicating key microenvironments of the joint, combining the structure, function, and mechanical characteristics of key joint tissues, the technical shortcomings of existing in vitro joint models and joint chips are analyzed, targeted optimization solutions are proposed, and the conceptual design of the prototype is completed. The research direction and existing problems of this technology are systematically reviewed.
04 Results
The key microenvironment characteristics that the joint chip needs to simulate are clarified, the core problems of the research on this technology are defined, potential solutions to the core problems are formed, the conceptual design of the joint chip prototype is completed, and the key issues and core research goals for the subsequent development of the joint chip are clarified.
05 Extension of Ideas
With the core orientation of precisely reproducing the physiological and pathological microenvironment of the joint, continuous optimization of the integration method of multi-tissue co-culture and mechanical stimulation is carried out, the model construction and functional design of the joint chip are continuously improved, and based on the high-performance in vitro joint model, the basic research related to joint diseases is deepened.
Original source:
1. Journal: Nano-Micro Letters
2. Publication date: 2026-01-05
3. DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-02031-5
4. Authors: Zhenjun Lv, Yuwei Chai, Xiumei Zhang, Weiwei Lan, Junchao Wei, Lu Li, Weiyi Chen, Yiting Lei, Jun Liu, Zhong Alan Li, Di Huang
