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Choroidal melanoma, as a common intraocular malignant tumor, has long faced the challenge of lacking sensitive and non-invasive treatment methods. To address this clinical issue, the research team innovatively developed a nanoplatform (MX@PEG-MeoTTPy) that combines aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers with two-dimensional MXene nanosheets. Through functional design, this platform achieves a synergistic effect of mild photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, a thermosensitive hydrogel composite material was constructed, enabling the nanosheets to achieve controlled and sustained release under near-infrared irradiation and stimulation from the tumor microenvironment. The research systematically verified the feasibility of this nanosystem for precise tumor ablation through the heat-induced apoptosis pathway through material design, functional characterization, and in vitro and in vivo experiments. Innovation Points
01 Synergistic functionalization integration of 01AIE and MXene
The study ingeniously combined the aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer with two-dimensional MXene nanosheets, avoiding the aggregation quenching problem of traditional photosensitizers and fully leveraging the advantages of the MXene nanoscale platform. This integrated strategy enables a single nanoscale platform to simultaneously possess efficient generation of type I reactive oxygen species and mild near-infrared photothermal properties, achieving synergistic enhancement of the dual therapeutic mode.
02 Stimuli-responsive design of thermosensitive hydrogels
Unlike conventional direct injection administration, this study encapsulates the functionalized nanosheets in thermosensitive hydrogels, endowing the system with gel-sol transformation characteristics that are dual-responsive to the tumor microenvironment and near-infrared light. This design enables local enrichment of the nanomedicine at the lesion site and programmed continuous release, providing a new delivery strategy for local treatment of intraocular tumors.
03 Precise therapeutic mechanism mediated by heat-induced apoptosis
The study deeply revealed the molecular mechanism by which this nanoscale platform induces tumor cells to undergo heat-induced apoptosis, unifying the therapeutic pathways of mild photothermal treatment and photodynamic therapy within the heat-induced apoptosis pathway. This mechanism-level precise regulation not only enhances the specificity of the treatment but also provides a new perspective for understanding the interaction between nanomaterials and tumor cells.
Journal Name: Nano-Micro Letters
Publication Date: March 13, 2026
DOI: 10.1007/s40820-026-02077-z R & D Team: Yingni Xu, Fei Wang, Wenfang Liu, Ruibin Lin, Cheng Liu, Qi Zhao, Guokang He, Guiping Yuan, Weidong Yin, Fei Yu, Jianwei Sun, Ryan T. K. Kwok, Jacky W. Y. Lam, Li Ren, Xuan Zhao, Jin Yuan, Ben Zhong Tang
