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Bone defect repair has always been a major challenge in the field of orthopedics, especially for patients with chronic inflammatory microenvironments such as diabetes and atrophic non-union of bones, which often lead to delayed bone regeneration or fibrous encapsulation. An ideal bone repair material should simultaneously possess osteogenic activity, immunomodulatory and anti-infective capabilities. Bioactive metal ions play a crucial role in coordinating the bone immune microenvironment and promoting bone integration. A recent study published in "Bioactive Materials" designed a Zn²⁺/Ce³⁺ co-doped hydroxyapatite (WH)/GelMA composite hydrogel scaffold (GM&Zn²⁺/Ce³⁺-WH) through a biomimetic strategy, achieving a synergistic optimization of immunomodulation, antibacterial activity and osteogenic performance, providing a new idea for bone regeneration.
Key points analysis one Core Design: Biomimetic Ion Doping + Hydrogel Release System
1. Material System Construction
(1) Base material: Phosphate rock (WH) serves as the second most abundant mineral in bone tissue, rich in Mg²⁺, with excellent bone conductivity and osteogenic differentiation-promoting ability, superior to traditional hydroxyapatite (HA).
(2) Dual-ion synergistic doping: Zn²⁺ can upregulate the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell membranes; Ce³⁺ through the Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox cycle removes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), promoting macrophage M2 polarization.
(3) GelMA hydrogel carrier: It has a porous structure, biocompatibility, and degradability, providing a three-dimensional network for ion release and supporting cell proliferation and differentiation.
2. Preparation Process
Zn²⁺/Ce³⁺ co-doped WH nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation, dispersed in GelMA pre-polymer solution, and cross-linked by ultraviolet light and freeze-dried to form a porous composite hydrogel scaffold. By adjusting the ion doping ratio, the physicochemical properties and biological activity of the material were optimized. Among them, sample 3# (0.00015 mol Zn²⁺ + 0.002 mol Ce³⁺) performed the best.
Paper Link (doi): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.11.009
