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Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a common and serious complication after orthopedic surgery, often leading to impaired bone healing and loosening of the prosthesis. Traditional treatment methods, including antibiotics and surgical repair, have limited effectiveness. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new implant materials with antibacterial and osteogenic properties. This study presents a novel 3D-printed biomimetic trabecular porous titanium alloy scaffold. The scaffold was enhanced by loading emodin liposomes (EP) into GelMA-tannic acid composite hydrogel (GA). The Ti-GA@EP composite scaffold was obtained. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the Ti-GA@EP scaffold exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with an antibacterial rate of 92% against Staphylococcus aureus and 88% against Escherichia coli. It also effectively inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilms. Immune regulation experiments showed that the Ti-GA@EP scaffold promoted macrophages to transform from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. This transformation was accompanied by a decrease in iNOS and TNF-α expression, while the levels of IL-10 and Arg-1 were upregulated. In vivo experiments confirmed the bone integration efficacy of the scaffold. The bone volume fraction of the titanium-GA@EP group was 10.25% higher than that of the titanium alloy scaffold group. In the periprosthetic infection model, the Ti-GA@EP scaffold demonstrated superior antibacterial properties and enhanced new bone formation. By integrating antibacterial, immune regulation, and osteogenic functions, this composite scaffold addresses the limitations of traditional scaffolds with a single function. It provides a novel strategy for PJI treatment with great clinical potential and is crucial for preventing prosthesis infection and repairing bone defects. This study was published in the Chemical Engineering Journal under the title "3D-printed porous titanium alloy scaffolds modified with composite hydrogel-loaded emodin liposomes for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection".
References:
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.175413
