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Bone repair involves a dynamic network of blood vessels and lymphatics that transmit signals to regulate tissue-specific functions. Since interconnected structures can guide these vessels, designing multifunctional biomaterials with intricate structures remains a promising yet highly challenging frontier in load-bearing bone regeneration. This study developed a new 3D printing ink made of biodegradable citrate-based polymers and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA), capable of producing high-fidelity biomimetic structures with a resolution under 100 μm. The printed scaffolds showed effective interface load transfer, achieving toughness and strength comparable to natural bone or conventional composites. As an innovative bone regeneration platform, these scaffolds can handle local loading and continuously release pepsin at target sites. Working synergistically with osteoinductive citrate and n-HA, this Haversian bone-mimicking scaffold enhanced cell activity and the expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes. In a rabbit critical-size segmental bone defect model, the scaffolds promoted rapid bone integration and robust regeneration while degrading gradually at an appropriate rate over time. Remarkably, the formation of trabeculae both inside and around the scaffold showed H-type vessels associated with osteoblasts and pre-osteoblasts. Lymphangiogenesis was also observed within the bone tissue, effectively coordinating angiogenesis and osteogenesis into an "integrated" regeneration strategy, highlighting a transformative path in tissue engineering. These advanced grafts are pushing the field of bone tissue engineering forward and hold great translational potential for practical applications.
We focus on customized functional materials in the field of nanomedicine. Based on your experimental needs, we can develop biofunctional nanomaterials, control material structure, particle size, and surface modification, and provide full characterization testing. The solutions can be repeatedly optimized with full technical support throughout, supporting research projects in targeted delivery, bioimaging, nanodiagnostics, and therapy. Feel free to provide your requirements, and we’ll evaluate customized solutions.
Engineer Zhang: 17715390137
Engineer Chen: 18914047343
