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Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have the following advantages and disadvantages compared with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs):
Advantages
Metal-free nature and biocompatibility
HOFs are formed by the self-assembly of organic molecules through hydrogen bonds, without the presence of metal ions, which endows them with excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, offering significant advantages in drug delivery and biological applications.
Mild synthesis conditions
The synthesis conditions of HOFs are relatively mild, usually achievable at low temperatures and pressures, reducing the synthesis cost and operational difficulty.
Solvent processability
HOFs exhibit good solubility and processability in solvents, facilitating their processing through solution methods such as film preparation and coating, thereby expanding their application scope.
Easy regeneration and recyclability
The hydrogen bonds in HOFs are relatively weak, allowing them to be easily dissociated and reassembled under specific conditions, facilitating material recovery and reuse.
Unique photoelectric properties
Some HOFs materials possess photoelectric activity, making them applicable in fields such as photoelectric conversion and sensing, demonstrating multifunctionality.
Disadvantages
Poor structural stability
The hydrogen bonds in HOFs are relatively weak, resulting in lower structural stability compared to MOFs. They tend to collapse after the removal of guest solvents, limiting their practical applications.
Limited functional designability
The bonding mode of HOFs restricts their structural designability to some extent. Currently, they mainly rely on multiple weak bonds to control direction, increasing the complexity of material design.
Difficulty in pore structure regulation
The regulation of pore shape, size, and specific surface area in HOFs is more challenging compared to MOFs, with lower theoretical predictability.
Relatively limited application fields
Although HOFs have potential in areas such as gas adsorption and separation, their current application scope is not as extensive as that of MOFs, especially in industrial catalysis and energy storage, where further development is needed.
Insufficient long-term stability
The hydrogen bond network in HOFs is susceptible to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, leading to poor long-term stability and restricting their application under harsh conditions. Summary，HOFs, with their metal-free nature, mild synthetic conditions and biocompatibility, have demonstrated unique advantages in biomedical and optoelectronic fields. However, their poor structural stability and limited functional designability still need to be overcome through the optimization of material design and synthetic strategies. In the future, the collaborative development of HOFs and MOFs may provide new ideas for the development of multifunctional materials.
